Jewish Social Studies 21.1 (2015)
Table of Contents
Webman, Esther, and Meir Litvak. From Empathy to Denial. Responses to the Holocaust in the Arab World. Jerusalem: Magnes, 2015 (in Hebrew).
This book is a comprehensive and rigorous study, the first of its kind, presenting a wide range of responses to the Holocaust in the Arab world. The authors examine the evolution of representations of the Holocaust in Arabic through newspapers, literature, cinema, television and the internet. By analyzing case studies and trends over a period spanning seventy years – from the end of World War II and the founding of the State of Israel down to present day – the authors show how attitudes toward the Holocaust were formed in the shadow of the Arab-Israeli conflict and thus integrated into broad systems of anti-Zionist and antisemitic discourse.
The English edition (2009) of the book won the Washington Institute Book Prize in 2010
Jockusch, Laura, and Gabriel N. Finder, eds. Jewish Honor Courts. Revenge, Retribution, and Reconciliation in Europe and Israel after the Holocaust. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2015.
In the aftermath of World War II, virtually all European countries struggled with the dilemma of citizens who had collaborated with Nazi occupiers. Jewish communities in particular faced the difficult task of confronting collaborators among their own ranks—those who had served on Jewish councils, worked as ghetto police, or acted as informants. European Jews established their own tribunals—honor courts—for dealing with these crimes, while Israel held dozens of court cases against alleged collaborators under a law passed two years after its founding. In Jewish Honor Courts: Revenge, Retribution, and Reconciliation in Europe and Israel after the Holocaust, editors Laura Jockusch and Gabriel N. Finder bring together scholars of Jewish social, cultural, political, and legal history to examine this little-studied and fascinating postwar chapter of Jewish history.
The volume begins by presenting the rationale for punishing wartime collaborators and purging them from Jewish society. Contributors go on to examine specific honor court cases in Allied-occupied Germany and Austria, Poland, the Netherlands, and France. One essay also considers the absence of an honor court in Belgium. Additional chapters detail the process by which collaborators were accused and brought to trial, the treatment of women in honor courts, and the unique political and social place of honor courts in the nascent state of Israel. Taken as a whole, the essays in Jewish Honor Courts illustrate the great caution and integrity brought to the agonizing task of identifying and punishing collaborators, a process that helped survivors to reclaim their agency, reassert their dignity, and work through their traumatic experiences.
For many years, the honor courts have been viewed as a taboo subject, leaving their hundreds of cases unstudied. Jewish Honor Courts uncovers this forgotten chapter of Jewish history and shows it to be an integral part of postwar Jewish rebuilding. Scholars of Jewish, European, and Israeli history as well as readers interested in issues of legal and social justice will be grateful for this detailed volume.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Revenge, Retribution, and Reconciliation in the Postwar Jewish World / Laura Jockusch and Gabriel N. Finder — Why Punish Collaborators? / David Engel — Rehabilitating the Past? Jewish Honor Courts in Allied-Occupied Germany / Laura Jockusch — Judenrat on Trial: Postwar Polish Jewry Sits in Judgment of its Wartime Leadership / Gabriel N. Finder — An Unresolved Controversy: The Jewish Honor Court in the Netherlands, 1946-1950 / Ido De Haan — Jurys d’honneur: The Stakes and Limits of Purges Among Jews in France After Liberation / Simon Perego — Viennese Jewish Functionaries on Trial: Accusations, Defense Strategies, and Hidden Agendas / Helga Embacher — “The Lesser Evil” of Jewish Collaboration? The Absence of a Jewish Honor Court in Postwar Belgium / Veerle Vanden Daelen and Nico Wouters — Jews Accusing Jews: Denunciations of Alleged Collaborations in Jewish Honor Courts / Katarzyna Person — “I’m Going to the Oven Because I wouldn’t Give Myself to Him”: The Role of Gender in the Polish Jewish Civic Court / Ewa Kozminska-Frejlak — Revenge and Reconciliation: Early Israeli Literature and the Dilemma of Jewish Collaborations with the Nazis / Gali Drucker Bar-Am — Changing Legal Perceptions of “Nazi Collaborators” in Israel, 1950-1972 / Dan Porat — The Gray Zone of Collaboration and the Israeli Courtroom / Rivka Brot.
Laura Jockusch is Martin Buber Society Fellow in Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is the author of Collect and Record! Jewish Holocaust Documentation in Early Postwar Europe. She teaches in the International M.A. Program in Holocaust Studies at the University of Haifa.
Gabriel N. Finder is Ida and Nathan Kolodiz Director of Jewish Studies and an associate professor in the Department of Germanic Literatures and Languages at the University of Virginia. He is coeditor of Making Holocaust Memory.
Shaked, Michal. “The Unknown Eichmann Trial: The Story of the Judge.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 29.1 (2015): 1-38.
URL: http://hgs.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/1/1.abstract
Abstract
This essay analyzes the decisive role of the 1961 Eichmann trial and the pivotal judicial perspective of its presiding judge, Supreme Court Justice (later Chief Justice) Moshe Landau. Justice Landau’s part in the trial has been neglected in previous studies, and his own perspective on the trial has been—until now—utterly unknown. The article considers new historical materials—Landau’s private memoir—in the context of the “objective” legal facts as established in the trial transcripts and videotapes. The analysis focuses on Landau’s leadership in an extraordinary courtroom situation, as well as on the path-breaking decisions he made during the proceedings. The trial became the landmark that it was because of the presiding judge’s meticulous professionalism and his deep understanding of its potential significance for the state of Israel.
The preliminary program for the upcoming NAPH 2015 Conference at the University of Memphis is now complete and has been posted on its website. Click here for full program (PDF).
Panels on Israeli Literature and Culture
Day 1 (June 22, Monday)
Session 1: 9:00-10:45
1.1 Literature: Literature and Politics
Batya Shimony, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
כבר לא קזבלן – ייצוגי החייל המזרחי בספרות העברית
Rima Shikhmanter, Tel Aviv University
הפנייה ימינה: הימין הפוליטי ברומן ההיסטורי הישראלי לילדים ולנוער
Tzipora Kedar, Zefat Academic College
“מרובעים” של דה-האן: פוליטיקאי מול משורר?
1.3 Pedagogy: Teaching the Hebrew Textual Tradition across Cultures
Organizer: Or Rogovin, Bucknell University
Or Rogovin, Bucknell University
The Hebrew Bible in Israeli and American Culture
Naomi Sokoloff, University of Washington
“Modern Poetry, Traditional Prayers: Teaching Jewish and Islamic
Traditions”
Edna Lauden, Tel Aviv University
“Take your son, your only son, whom you love…”: One story, Two
narratives.
Session 2 11:15-1:00
2.1 Literature: Female Master Poets: Yocheved Bat Miriam and Dalia Hertz
Organizer: Ruth Kartun-Blum, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ruth Kartun-Blum, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
בת-מרים: משוררת למשוררים
Uzi Shavit, Tel Aviv University
עמי והם: התגובה השירית של שלונסקי ובת-מרים למלחמת העולם השנייה
והשואה בזמן אמת
Anat Weisman, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
דליה הרץ – משוררת לעצמה?
2.2 Literature: Studies in Modern Jewish Thought and Classical Hebrew
Fiction
Yoav Ronel, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
מלאך ההיסטוריה של ברדיצ’בסקי: תשוקה וכתיבה ברומן “מרים”
Laura Wiseman, York University
התרוצצות בין הקדרות: המתח בין הצמחונות לבין התשוקה לבשר ברומן
שירה מאת ש”י עגנון
Mark Kaplowitz, University of Memphis
Hermann Cohen, The Last Maskil
2.4 Pedagogy: On Teaching Hebrew in Israel and Around the World
Nataliia Bakulina, National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine,
Institute of Pedagogy, Kiev, Ukraine
הערכת הישגים לימודיים בעברית כשפה נוספת בבתי ספר יסודיים באוקרינה
Paul Overland & Jennifer Noonan, Ashland Theological Seminary; Liberty University Baptist Theological Seminary
Assets of Communicative Language Teaching for an Oral-Based Culture: a Field Report
Rachel Rosner, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; The David Yellin Academic College of Education
בחינת מונחים ועניינים בתכניות להוראת כתיבה במוסדות החינוך בישראל בראי תאוריות פילוסופיות
Session 3 2:30-4:15
3.1 Literature: The Displaced, the Detached, and the Hebrew Canon
Aviv Ben-Or, Brandeis University
The Arab-Jew as Displaced Intellectual in Shimon Ballas’ Fiction
Nancy Berg, Washington University in St. Louis
The Canon, the Academy, and shelilat hagolah
Ronit Gez, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
הגרסה הנשית לנארטיב התלוש בטרילוגיה – ‘בחינות’, ‘שוקולד’, ‘קיצו של זיו סנדר’ מאת דבורה בארון
Session 4 4:30-6:15
4.1 Literature: New Views of Time in Hebrew Literature
Organizer: Roy Greenwald, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Roy Greenwald, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
קול בלי בעלים: על משחק המבוכים בשירתה של יונה וולך
Hanna Soker-Schwager, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
“הכול כאן מולחם וחותך”– הצזורה בשירת חדווה הרכבי
Vered Shemtov & Elena Gomel, Stanford University; Tel Aviv University
Limbotopia: Being Stuck in the Continuous Present in Hebrew Literature
4.2 Literature: Hebrew Drama: Theory and Practice
Olga Levitan, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
זיכרון כמופע: שולחן על פי אידה פינק – יצירתה של נעמי יואלי
Israel Hameiri, University of Haifa; Oranim College
העיבוד הדרמתי, תיאוריה ופרקטיקה: ‘אכזר מכל המלך’ ו’בגדי המלך’ מאת נסים אלוני
Day 2 (June 23, Tuesday)
Session 5: 8:30-10:15
5.1 Literature: Studies in Works by Leah Goldberg, Avot Yeshuron, Erez Biton, and Haviva Pedaya
Sara Meyer, Haifa University
יסודות ארספואטיים בספרי הילדים של לאה גולדברג
Chaya Shacham, Haifa University
“זְמַנִי חָרוּט בְשִירַי”: גלגולם של חומרי מציאות מן היומן אל השיר ביצירת לאה גולדברג
Lilach Lachman, Haifa University
‘Revealment’ and Blindness in Hebrew Poetry: Avot Yeshurun, Erez Biton and Haviva Pedaya
5.2 Language: Language, Stylistics, Translation, and Rhetoric
Aharon Gaimani, Bar-Ilan University
לשון וסגנון באיגרות בשורת הפטירה כמנהג תימן
Mohammed Alghbban, King Saud University
Literary Translation Activity between Hebrew and Arabic
Adel Shakour, Al-Qasemi Academy
מאפיינים רטוריים בשיח הפוליטי של מנהיגים ערבים במדינת ישראל
Session 6 10:45-12:30
6.1 Literature: Archeology of a Future: Treasures from Hebrew Literary
Archives
Chair and respondent: Giddon Ticotsky, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Raquel Stepak, Tel Aviv University
שירי יהודה עמיחי מתקופת הצבא הבריטי בהקשר לכלל יצירתו הספרותית
Maayan Gelbard-Aziza, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
הדרך שלא נבחרה: מה מספרים המחזות הגנוזים של תרצה אתר?
6.2 Literature: Politics and Ethics
Amit Assis, McGill University
ס. יזהר: פואטיקה, פוליטיקה ושמירת הטבע
Renana Keydar, Stanford University
מיתוס הרב קוליות – על המתח שבין סיפור סיפורים ועשיית צדק במשפט אייכמן
Ari Ofengenden, Brandeis University
Globalization and Biodisaster in Contemporary Literature 2000-2015
6.3 Pedagogy: Language and Thought, Language and Culture
Esther Raizen, University of Texas at Austin
מקומן של מיומנויות חשיבה מסדר גבוה בכיתות הלשון
Arielle Friedman, Oranim Academic College of Education
כלי לניתוח סמיוטי של השפה הקולנועית: ניתוח הסרט הישראלי “שש פעמים” במסגרת חינוכית
Miri Talmon, Tel Aviv University
“Films from Here”: Discourses of Locality in Modern Israeli Culture
Session 7: 2:00-4:00
7.1 Literature: Home and Homelessness in Modern Hebrew Literature
Iris Milner, Tel Aviv University
קריאת התיגר על הבית ב”והיה העקוב למישור” לעגנון
Hannah Naveh, Tel Aviv University
ביתה של עקרת הבית: נשים בבית בסיפורי “משפחה” של דבורה בארון
Michael Gluzman, Tel Aviv University
חוסר-בית, נדודים, בריחה: גנסין בארץ ישראל
Uri Cohen, Tel Aviv University
ביותו של הכוח הזר: שכול וכישלון ומגילת אסתר כמודל מגדרי פוליטי
7.2 Literature: Hebrew Press and Hebrew Culture
Orly Tsarfaty, Academic College of Emek Yezreel
המאבק על הזיכרון: השיח על השואה בעיתון החרדי “משפחה” – כמרחב לכינון זהות תרבותית נבדלת
Michal Meishar, Bar-Ilan University
כתב העת ‘גזית’ כמעצב תרבות
Moshe Pelli, University of Central Florida
דרכי עריכה וסגנון של יהושע השל שור – החלוץ
Gideon Kouts, University of Paris – 8
מלחמה ושלום בעיתון “הלבנון”
8.1 Literature: Studies in Modern Hebrew Fiction: Nathan Shaham, Tsruya
Shalev, and A.B. Yehoshua
Ayala Amir, Bar-Ilan University, The Open University of Israel
הפרטים כפי שנצטלמו אז: מרחב, מראות וזיכרון ב”שבעה מהם” וב”הם יגיעו מחר” מאת נתן שחם
Yigal Schwartz, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
סיפור ההתקבלות ואמנות הסיפור של צרויה שלו
Gilead Morahg, University of Wisconsin-Madison
הגרושה המשחררת: ישן וחדש ב’’ניצבת’’ של א’’ב יהושע
8.2 Language: Early Modern Hebrew
Eran Buchaltzev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
נברא במילים – ועד הלשון העברית ככוהני השפה הלאומית
Doly Levi, Levinsky College of Education
עיון לשוני סגנוני בפיליטון “בטלנות” של אלחנן לייב לוינסקי
Keren Mock, Ecole Normale Supérieure/ Sorbonne Paris Cité
הערך המילוני “מצפון”: מקורותיו בספרייתו של אליעזר בן-יהודה
8.3 Pedagogy: Israel in Short Films: Integrating Film into the Hebrew
Language Classroom
Isaac Zablocki, Director of the Israel Film Center at JCC Manhattan
This session will feature three Award Winning Short films and conversations coming out of Israel’s blossoming film industry followed by a demonstration of how films can be best integrated into the classroom.
Day 3 (June 24, Wednesday)
Session 9: 8:30-10:30
9.1 Literature: Studies in Current Hebrew Fiction; Part I: Leah Aini’s Works
Irit Ronen, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
הפואטיקה של לאה איני: שבירת הז’אנר
Ofra Matzov-Cohen, Ariel University
מעשה הנתינה ל’אחר’ ומשמעויותיו על פי הרומן ורד הלבנון מאת לאה איני
Talila Kosh-Zohar, Kibbuzim College of Education, Technology and Arts
חריגות והתנגדות: ייצוגי גוף בנובלה “בת המקום” של לאה איני
Session 10: 10:45-12:30
10.1 Literature: Studies in Current Hebrew Fiction; Part II Shimon Adaf and Merav Nakar-Sadi’s Works
Rina Baroukh, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
“החיתוך של האור מבעד רצף הזמן”: על האור ביצירתו בפרוזה של שמעון אדף
Hadas Shabat Nadir, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
חידת האחים המתים וגילויה של תורת סוד גנוזה ממרוקו בטרילוגיה “ורד יהודה” לשמעון אדף
Nurit Buchweitz, Beit-Berl University
NIMBY, or Multicultural Inclusion in Merav Nakar-Sadi’s Oxana
10.2 Language: Proper Names, Language in Advertising
Shlomit Landman, Achva Academic College
שמות פרטיים דו-מיניים עבור יילודים במגזר היהודי במדינת ישראל
Bat-Zion Yemini, Levinsky College and Talpiot College
השמות הפרטיים המקראיים והמודרניים– בבואה של מערכות שונות של זמן-אספקט-מודוס
Irit Zeevi, Oranim Academic College of Education and Emek Yezreel Academic College & Lee Cahaner, Oranim Academic College
שפת הפרסומת החרדית לנדל”ן כמייצגת את תפיסת המקום
Session 11: 2:00-3:45
11.1 Literature: Jewish Traditions and Modern Hebrew Literature
Zafrira Lidovsky Cohen, Stern College of Yeshiva University
“צדיק ורע לו”: מוטיב הצדיק בשירת אביגדור המאירי ואברהם שלונסקי
Moshe Yitzhaki, Oranim Academic College of Education
התקדשות ורליגיוזיות בחיי היום-יום: הצעה לקרוא ביצירות י.ח. ברנר כממשיך ומחדש מסורת מדרשי חז”ל
Moria Dayan-Codish, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
האסתטיקה החז”לית ביצירתו של שלום יעקב אברמוביץ
11.2 Language: Sociolinguistics, Linguistic Creativity, Morphology (Word Formation)
Esther Bahat, Tel Aviv University
“כשהתותחים רועמים – המוזות שותקות”. האומנם? יצירתיות בעיתונות הישראלית בתקופת מבצע “צוק איתן”
Marc Bernstein, Michigan State University
“Give Me Your Identity!”: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Arab Labor
Nimrod Shatil, Zefat Academic College
מקומו של המשקל במוח של דובר העברית בן-ימינו
Yosef, Raz and Boaz Hagin. Deeper than Oblivion. Trauma and Memory in Israeli Cinema. New York and London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013.
URL: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/deeper-than-oblivion-9781441199263/
In this collection, leading scholars in both film studies and Israeli studies show that beyond representing familiar historical accounts or striving to offer a more complete and accurate depiction of the past, Israeli cinema has innovatively used trauma and memory to offer insights about Israeli society and to engage with cinematic experimentation and invention. Tracing a long line of films from the 1940s up to the 2000s, the contributors use close readings of these films not only to reconstruct the past, but also to actively engage with it. Addressing both high-profile and lesser known fiction and non-fiction Israeli films, Deeper than Oblivion underlines the unique aesthetic choices many of these films make in their attempt to confront the difficulties, perhaps even impossibility, of representing trauma. By looking at recent and classic examples of Israeli films that turn to memory and trauma, this book addresses the pressing issues and disputes in the field today.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Sweet on the Inside: Trauma, Memory, and Israeli Cinema Boaz Hagin and Raz Yosef
Chapter 2: Postscript to Israeli Cinema: East/West and the Politics of Representation Ella Shohat
Chapter 3: Gender, the Military, Memory, and the Photograph: Tamar Yarom’s To See If I’m Smiling and American Films about Abu Ghraib Diane Waldman
Chapter 4: The Event and the Picture: David Perlov’s My Stills and Memories of the Eichmann Trial Anat Zanger
Chapter 5: The Agonies of an Eternal Victim: Zionist Guilt in Avi Mograbi’s Happy Birthday, Mr. Mograbi Shmulik Duvdevani
Chapter 6: Traces of War: Memory, Trauma, and the Archive in Joseph Cedar’s Beaufort Raz Yosef
Chapter 7: Memory of a Death Foretold: Fathers and Sons in Assi Dayan’s “Trilogy” Yael Munk
Chapter 8: Queering Terror: Trauma, Race, and Nationalism in Palestinian and Israeli Gay Cinema during the Second Intifada Raya Morag
Chapter 9: “Our Traumas”: Terrorism, Tradition, and Mind Games in Frozen Days Boaz Hagin
Chapter 10: History of Violence: From the Trauma of Expulsion to the Holocaust in Israeli Cinema Nurith Gertz and Gal Hermoni
Chapter 11: Last Train to the Holocaust Judd Ne’eman and Nerit Grossman
Chapter 12: Passages, Wars, and Encounters with Death: The Desert as a Site of Memory in Israeli Film Yael Zerubavel
Chapter 13: “Walking through walls”: Documentary Film and Other Technologies of Navigation, Aspiration, and Memory Janet Walker
Notes on Contributors
Index
Yakira, Elhanan. Post-Zionism, Post-Holocaust. Three Essays on Denial, Forgetting, and the Delegitimation of Israel. Trans. M. Swirsky. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Reviews
Rodman, David. “Review.” Israel Affairs 17.4 (2011): 655-656
Yakira, Elhanan. Post-Zionism, Post-Holocaust. Three Essays on Denial, Forgetting, and the Delegitimation of Israel. Trans. M. Swirsky. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
This book contains three independent essays, available in English for the first time, as well as a post-scriptum written for the English edition. The common theme of the three essays is the uses and abuses of the Holocaust as an ideological arm in the anti-Zionist campaigns. The first essay examines the French group of left-wing Holocaust deniers. The second essay deals with a number of Israeli academics and intellectuals, the so-called post-Zionists, and tries to follow their use of the Holocaust in their different attempts to demonize and delegitimize Israel. The third deals with Hannah Arendt and her relations with Zionism and the State of Israel as reflected in her general work and in Eichmann in Jerusalem; the views that she formulates are used systematically and extensively by anti- and post-Zionists. Elhanan Yakira argues that each of these is a particular expression of an outrage: anti-Zionism and a wholesale delegitimation of Israel.
URL: http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521127868
Keywords: Zionism: Criticism, Post-Zionism, Holocaust, Holocaust: Denial, Holocaust: Eichmann Trial, Antisemitism, אלחנן יקירה
Meir Litvak and Esther Webman. From Empathy to Denial. Arab Responses to the Holocaust. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.
———
Reviews:
– Daniel H. Magilow. Journal of Jewish Identities 3,1 (2010): 86-88.
– Robert Melson. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 24,3 (2010): 468-474.
– Hilal Knashan. Shofar. 28,4 (2010): 157-160.
– Patten, Howard A. Israel Affairs 17.4 (2011): 663-665.
————
Keywords: Israeli-Arab Conflict, Propoganda, Holocaust: Denial, Zionism: and World Powers, Zionism: Relation to Arabs, Nakbah, Holocaust: Eichmann Trial, Equation of Zionism to Nazism
Meir Litvak and Esther Webman. From Empathy to Denial. Arab Responses to the Holocaust. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.
Keywords: Israeli-Arab Conflict, Propoganda, Holocaust: Denial, Zionism: and World Powers, Zionism: Relation to Arabs, Nakbah, Holocaust: Eichmann Trial, Equation of Zionism to Nazism
Online Israel Studies Bulletin Board 